How to Download Greenplum Database
Greenplum Database is a powerful and scalable open source database that is based on PostgreSQL and designed for big data analytics. In this article, you will learn what Greenplum Database is, what are its benefits and requirements, how to download and install it, and how to use it for your data needs.
download greenplum
What is Greenplum Database?
Greenplum Database is a massively parallel processing (MPP) SQL database that can handle petabyte-scale data workloads without compromising query performance and throughput. It is based on PostgreSQL, which means it inherits its features, syntax, and compatibility. However, it also extends PostgreSQL with additional capabilities, such as:
Federated data access: You can query external data sources with the Greenplum optimizer and query processing engine, such as Hadoop, cloud storage, or other polyglot data stores.
Polymorphic data storage: You can choose between row or column-oriented storage and processing for any table or partition, depending on how you access your data. You can also control the configuration, execution, and compression of your data.
Integrated in-database analytics: You can perform machine learning and AI tasks within Greenplum Database using Apache MADlib, an open source library of in-cluster machine learning functions. MADlib supports multi-node, multi-GPU, and deep learning capabilities.
Innovation in query optimization: You can leverage the industry's first open source cost-based query optimizer designed for big data workloads, which can scale interactive and batch mode analytics to large datasets in the petabytes.
Benefits of Greenplum Database
Some of the benefits of using Greenplum Database are:
Power at scale: You can handle large volumes of data with high performance and efficiency, thanks to its MPP architecture, parallel loading, distributed query processing, and resource management.
True flexibility: You can deploy Greenplum Database anywhere you want, whether it is on-premises, in public or private clouds, or in hybrid environments. You can also use any tools or languages you prefer to interact with your data.
Open source: You can avoid vendor lock-in and enjoy more control over your software by using Greenplum Database, which is licensed under Apache 2 License and developed by an active open source community.
From BI to AI: You can perform a wide range of analytics tasks with Greenplum Database, from business intelligence and reporting to machine learning and AI. You can also converge analytic and operational workloads in a single environment.
Requirements for Greenplum Database
To use Greenplum Database, you need to have the following requirements:
A Linux operating system that supports Greenplum Database, such as CentOS, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), or Ubuntu.
A minimum of four hosts (servers) that form the Greenplum cluster. Each host should have at least one segment instance (a PostgreSQL database) that stores and processes a portion of the data.
A master host that acts as the coordinator of the cluster. It does not store any data but manages the metadata, distributes queries, and collects results from the segment hosts.
A standby master host that acts as a backup for the master host in case of failure. It synchron izes the metadata with the master host.
A minimum of 8 GB of RAM and 16 GB of disk space per segment host.
A network switch that connects all the hosts in the cluster and allows high-speed data transfer between them.
How to Download and Install Greenplum Database
There are two ways to download Greenplum Database: from the official website or from GitHub. You can choose the method that suits you best, depending on your preferences and needs.
Download Greenplum Database from the Official Website
The official website of Greenplum Database offers binary packages for various Linux distributions, as well as source code and documentation. To download Greenplum Database from the official website, you need to follow these steps:
Go to and choose the Linux distribution that matches your operating system.
Click on the download link for the latest version of Greenplum Database. You will need to register with your email address and accept the terms and conditions before you can download the file.
Save the file to your desired location on your master host. The file name will have the format greenplum-db--.zip, where is the Greenplum Database version number and is the Linux distribution name.
Unzip the file using the command unzip greenplum-db--.zip. This will create a directory called greenplum-db-, which contains the Greenplum Database installation files.
Download Greenplum Database from GitHub
If you want to download the source code of Greenplum Database and build it yourself, you can use GitHub, which is a platform for hosting and collaborating on open source projects. To download Greenplum Database from GitHub, you need to follow these steps:
Install Git, which is a tool for managing version control systems, on your master host. You can use the command sudo yum install git or sudo apt-get install git, depending on your Linux distribution.
Clone the Greenplum Database repository from GitHub using the command git clone This will create a directory called gpdb, which contains the Greenplum Database source code.
Change to the gpdb directory using the command cd gpdb and check out the latest stable branch using the command git checkout , where is the name of the branch you want to use. You can find the list of branches on .
Install the dependencies for building Greenplum Database using the command ./README.ubuntu.bash or ./README.centos.bash, depending on your Linux distribution.
Configure and compile Greenplum Database using the commands ./configure and make.
Install Greenplum Database on Linux
Once you have downloaded Greenplum Database, either as a binary package or as a source code, you need to install it on your master host and segment hosts. To install Greenplum Database on Linux, you need to follow these steps:
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Create a user account called gpadmin on each host using the command sudo useradd -m -d /home/gpadmin -s /bin/bash gpadmin. This user will own and run Greenplum Database processes and files.
Create a password for gpadmin on each host using the command sudo passwd gpadmin and enter a secure password.
Add gpadmin to the sudoers file on each host using the command sudo visudo and adding the line gpadmin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL at the end of the file. This will allow gpadmin to run commands as root without entering a password.
Create an SSH key pair for gpadmin on the master host using the command ssh-keygen -t rsa and pressing Enter to accept the default options. This will create two files: /.ssh/id_rsa (the private key) and /.ssh/id_rsa.pub (the public key).
Copy the public key from the master host to all the segment hosts using the command ssh-copy-id gpadmin@, where is the hostname or IP address of each segment host. This will allow gpadmin to log in to the segment hosts without entering a password.
Copy the Greenplum Database installation files from the master host to all the segment hosts using the command scp -r greenplum-db- gpadmin@:/home/gpadmin, where is the Greenplum Database version number and is the hostname or IP address of each segment host.
Log in to each host as gpadmin using the command ssh gpadmin@ and change to the greenplum-db- directory using the command cd greenplum-db-.
Run the installation script on each host using the command ./greenplum_install. This will install Greenplum Database in the /usr/local/greenplum-db- directory and create a symbolic link called /usr/local/greenplum-db that points to it.
Add the following lines to the /.bash_profile file of gpadmin on each host using a text editor such as vi or nano:
# Set GREENPLUM_HOME export GREENPLUM_HOME=/usr/local/greenplum-db # Add GREENPLUM_HOME to PATH export PATH=$PATH:$GREENPLUM_HOME/bin # Add GREENPLUM_HOME to LD_LIBRARY_PATH export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$GREENPLUM_HOME/lib
Source the /.bash_profile file on each host using the command source /.bash_profile. This will set the environment variables for Greenplum Database.
Install Greenplum Database on Windows
If you want to use Greenplum Database on Windows, you need to install a virtual machine software such as VMware Workstation or VirtualBox, and then create a Linux virtual machine that meets the requirements for Greenplum Database. You can then follow the steps for installing Greenplum Database on Linux on your virtual machine.
How to Use Greenplum Database
After you have installed Greenplum Database, you can start using it for your data needs. You can connect to Greenplum Database, create and load data into it, and query and analyze data with it.
Connect to Greenplum Database
To connect to Greenplum Database, you need to use a client tool that supports PostgreSQL, such as psql, pgAdmin, or DBeaver. You can also use any programming language that has a PostgreSQL driver, such as Python, Java, or R. To connect to Greenplum Database, you need to provide the following information:
The hostname or IP address of the master host.
The port number of the master host, which is 5432 by default.
The database name, which is postgres by default.
The username and password of gpadmin or any other user you have created.
For example, if you want to connect to Greenplum Database using psql, you can use the following command:
psql -h master -p 5432 -d postgres -U gpadmin
Create and Load Data into Greenplum Database
To create and load data into Greenplum Database, you need to use SQL commands that are compatible with PostgreSQL. You can create tables, views, indexes, functions, and other objects in Greenplum Database using the CREATE statement. You can also specify the distribution policy, storage type, compression type, and partitioning scheme for your tables using the WITH clause.
To load data into Greenplum Database, you can use various methods, such as:
The COPY command: You can use this command to load data from a file or a standard input into a table or a view. You can also specify the format, delimiter, header, encoding, and other options for your data file using the WITH clause.
The gpload utility: You can use this utility to load data from an external source into a table or a view. You can also perform transformations, validations, and error handling on your data using a YAML configuration file.
The gpcopy utility: You can use this utility to copy data from one Greenplum Database cluster to another. You can also specify the source and destination tables, schemas, databases, and hosts using various options.
Query and Analyze Data with Greenplum Database
To query and analyze data with Greenpl um Database, you need to use SQL commands that are compatible with PostgreSQL. You can perform various operations on your data, such as selecting, filtering, grouping, joining, aggregating, sorting, and ordering. You can also use various functions and operators that are supported by Greenplum Database, such as string, numeric, date and time, array, JSON, and window functions.
To analyze data with Greenplum Database, you can use various tools and frameworks that are integrated with it, such as:
Apache MADlib: You can use this library to perform machine learning and AI tasks within Greenplum Database. You can use various functions and algorithms that are available in MADlib, such as regression, classification, clustering, recommendation, graph analytics, deep learning, and natural language processing.
Greenplum PL/Container: You can use this extension to run Python or R code in isolated containers within Greenplum Database. You can use various libraries and packages that are available in Python or R, such as pandas, scikit-learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch, or ggplot2.
Greenplum PXF: You can use this framework to query external data sources with Greenplum Database. You can access data from various sources, such as Hadoop, cloud storage, relational databases, or NoSQL databases.
Conclusion
In this article, you have learned how to download Greenplum Database, a powerful and scalable open source database that is based on PostgreSQL and designed for big data analytics. You have also learned how to install Greenplum Database on Linux or Windows, and how to use Greenplum Database for your data needs. You have seen some of the benefits and features of Greenplum Database, such as federated data access, polymorphic data storage, integrated in-database analytics, and innovation in query optimization. You have also seen some of the tools and frameworks that are integrated with Greenplum Database, such as Apache MADlib, Greenplum PL/Container, and Greenplum PXF.
Summary of the Article
The following table summarizes the main points of the article:
Topic
Key Points
What is Greenplum Database?
An MPP SQL database based on PostgreSQL that can handle petabyte-scale data workloads.
Benefits of Greenplum Database
Power at scale, true flexibility, open source, from BI to AI.
Requirements for Greenplum Database
A Linux operating system that supports Greenplum Database, a minimum of four hosts that form the Greenplum cluster, a network switch that connects the hosts.
How to Download and Install Greenplum Database
Download from the official website or GitHub, install on the master host and segment hosts using the installation script or the source code.
How to Use Greenplum Database
Connect using a client tool or a programming language that supports PostgreSQL, create and load data using SQL commands or utilities, query and analyze data using SQL commands or tools and frameworks.
FAQs
The following are some frequently asked questions about Greenplum Database:
What is the difference between Greenplum Database and PostgreSQL?
Greenplum Database is based on PostgreSQL but extends it with additional capabilities for big data analytics. Some of these capabilities are federated data access, polymorphic data storage, integrated in-database analytics, and innovation in query optimization.
How does Greenplum Database achieve high performance and scalability?
Greenplum Database achieves high performance and scalability by using a massively parallel processing (MPP) architecture, which distributes the data and the workload across multiple segment hosts. Each segment host has one or more segment instances, which are PostgreSQL databases that store and process a portion of the data. The master host coordinates the cluster and distributes the queries to the segment hosts, which execute them in parallel and return the results to the master host.
How can I learn more about Greenplum Database?
You can learn more about Greenplum Database by visiting the official website , where you can contribute to the development of Greenplum Database, report issues, request features, and participate in discussions.
How can I get support for Greenplum Database?
You can get support for Greenplum Database by contacting the Greenplum team at , where you can ask and answer questions related to Greenplum Database.
How can I upgrade to the latest version of Greenplum Database?
You can upgrade to the latest version of Greenplum Database by following the instructions on , where you can find the steps for upgrading from different versions of Greenplum Database. You can also use the gpupgrade utility, which is a tool that automates the upgrade process and minimizes downtime.
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